Case study analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Case study analysis - Research Paper Example ere in one an employee when given a task happily accepted (according to Fred but not in reality) just to come back on the deadline without finishing it and saying he had never thought it was possible to finish that in week’s ( stipulated) time ( Black, p. 3,4). In the second instance Fred was not able to understand why the meeting he had with a Japanese client did not progress despite his best efforts (from American point of view). The problems were not confined to his professional life only, his family specifically his wife was not comfortable in the new society as she had got tired of having no neighbors to talk to, being stared by people on the road, facing difficulty locating places and finding difficult to purchase the items of interest ( Black, p. 4). The problems were actually caused by their lack of understanding of the Japanese culture. Bailey Fred and his wife had very little time to prepare themselves for the cultural differences that were coming their way. Fred bei ng high on assertiveness (Javidan and House 2001, p. 289-305) , individualism, and low on power distance (Hofstede Models ) could not understand that Japanese values are different from American values and thus the business conduct in Japan had to be different that in America. The report applies MBI approach using Hofstede and Globe (Javidan and House 2001, p. 289-305) Mapping: The personality of Bailey and several others were the main reason for the problems. Fred Bailey was individualistic, assertive, and able to deal with high uncertainty which all were less appreciated in Japan and thus less appreciated by his Japanese employees and Japanese clients. Integrating – Fred must take several steps to ensure that his employees get enough opportunities to participate and discuss to integrate both the cultures. Towards this goal he must organize several programs for his employees to develop cross cultural understanding to foster participation and trust among each other. Fred Bailey was

ICT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ICT - Assignment Example The cases related to sell of software is controlled by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Furthermore, law of digital contracts is evolving worldwide at a significant pace. It can be stated that contract law or law in general is not static. Instead, laws are often quite dynamic that involve in responding to new occurrence and innovation (Schwanzer, 2007). Based on the above mentioned statement, this report intends to discuss whether software is to be classified as goods or services by taking into concern the notion of contract law along with its various implications. Discussion Specially mentioning, consumers engaged in buying software are not generally entitled to enjoy the same rights as in the case of purchasing tangible products. In this regard, it can be stated that software is a term, which is often used to describe the collection of instruction and data that facilitate computers to function in an effective manner. Evidently, computers are redundant without proper app lication of software. This implies that computers are unable to perform tasks in an effective manner without the installation of software. From the legal perspective, software is notable for two major reasons. The first major reason can be related with its unique characteristics, revealing that software is not similar to any conventional law. The second major reason can be noted as that despite the widespread use of software in the modern commercial arena, it does not have any distinct legal entity. Correspondingly, there is no specific manner through which legal treatment should be implemented to resolve software related disputes. Thus, this uncertainty largely raises a question, whether software should be considered or to be classified as goods or services (Green & Saidov, 2007). The lack of precision, surrounding the legal principle of software can be regarded as both commercially inconvenient and conceptually arbitrary. The buyers of software often possess the similar expectatio n of rights, while purchasing other items that are recognized under the law. However, in the recent time, the refusal to consider software as goods or services can be identified as the failure of law to protect the expectation and the interest of the buyers of software. Correspondingly, the two product related aspects i.e. â€Å"tangibility† and â€Å"movability’ determine the characteristics of software (Green & Saidov, 2007). In this similar context, â€Å"tangibility† is commonly defined as possessing a physical form or being able to be perceived by senses. It can be argued that this notion acted as the stumbling block towards considering software as goods. The relevancy of â€Å"tangibility† for adjudging software as a good can be ascertained owing to the reason that most of the legal system defines the sales of contract as a sort of agreement, which is associated with the transfer of property in goods in exchange of money, denoted as price. Conseque ntly, such transfer generally requires transfer of possession (Green & Saidov, 2007). However, in the case of possession of intangible service, both civil and common law signifies that possession of intangible is not possible and also cannot be owned. However, software can be acquired and possessed, making it tangible. Similarly, the aspect of â€Å"

Biodegradation of HCB

Biodegradation of HCB 1-2-1- Degradation of HCB under anaerobic condition: In the past decade, the usage of HCB prohibited in many country but HCB has been found as hazardous pollutants in many places worldwide. Biodegradation of HCB is possible in environmental under anaerobic conditions such as sodium, groundwater and soil but the progress is very slowly (Beurskens and others, 1992; Chang and others, 1997). Some reports documented about biodegradation in sediments (Chen and others, 2002; Chen and others, 2004; Hirano and others, 2007; Pavlostathis and Prytula, 2000; Prytula and Pavlostathis, 1996), soil (Watanabe and Yoshikawa, 2008). Degradation of CLD[2] in anaerobic sewage sludge was reported by (Fathepure and others, 1988), The authors observed greater than 90% pesticide removal after 3 weeks. The only Three strains of bacteria capability of degrading Hexachlorobenzene via reductive dechlorination have been isolated (TaÃ…Å ¸ and others, 2011), that including Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF-1 (Wu and others, 2002), Dehalococcoides sp. strain CBDB1 and Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 (Adrian and others, 2000; Fennell and others, 2004; TasÃÅ' §, 2009; TaÃ…Å ¸ and others, 2009).      1-2-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of Anaerobic Dechlorination Anaerobic degradation reductive dechlorination of HCB was first reported in 1987 (Fathepure and others, 1988). So far, the pathway that is known for the microbial degradation of HCB under anaerobic canditions by coupling reductive dehalogenation to electron transport (Beurskens and others, 1994; Chen and others, 2000; Hirano and others, 2007; TaÃ…Å ¸ and others, 2011). Chlorinated aromatics can serve as electron acceptors (Fathepure and others, 1988). Reductive dechlorination pathways is shown in figure 1 and HCB were dechlorinated via 1,2,3,5-and 1,2,4,5-tetrachIorobenzene (TeCB), 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-TCB , 1,2,4-TCB[3] and 1,3-DCB[4] . they are final dechlorination products (Beurskens and others, 1992; Boyd and others, 1987; Fathepure and others, 1988; Holliger and others, 1992). 1-3- Biodegradation of DDT[5] 1-3-1- Degradation of DDT under anaerobic condition: DDT was the first synthetic insecticide. Nowadays, use of this persistent organic pollutants is prohibited in most countries, but still DDT is ubiquitous in the environment all (Purnomo and others, 2011; Sudharshan and others, 2012). DDT can be biodegradation or mineralized by multistep processes in both aerobic and anaerobic condition. For example sediments capibilty of utilizing persistent pesticides and degradation even mineralized by aerobic and anaerobic degradation (Fang and others, 2014). Thus far, species within the genera Pseudomonas (Chacko and Lockwood, 1967; Kamanavalli and Ninnekar, 2004), Sphingomonas (Chacko and Lockwood, 1967; Fang and others, 2014), Desulfomonile tiedjei (DeWeerd and others, 1990) and Eubacterium limosum (ATCC 8486) is isolated from the human intestine (Yim and others, 2008), and Alcaligenes denitrificans (Ahuja and Kumar, 2003)‎ have been found to metabolize DDT. (Corona-Cruz and others, 1999), reported anaerobic coupled with aerobic biodegrad ation of DDT and maximum DDT degradation of 84.4 %. 1-3-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of Anaerobic Dechlorination Biodegradation pathway of DDT is multistep process in anaerobic environment, involving reductive dechlorination, dioxygenation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, decarboxylation, hydrolysis (a major transformation pathway in soil and water in the presence of H2O, H+, and OH ¯ ), and meta-ring cleavage reactions. Biodegradation pathway of DDT is multistep process in anaerobic environment involving reductive dechlorination such as three degradation step (DDT→DDD,DDE[6]), hydrogenation, dioxygenation, hydroxylation, decarboxylation and meta-ring cleavage reactions(Rangachary and others, 2012). That is different from the degradation pathways for anaerobic biodegradation but high-order metabolites such as DDA, DDOH[7] and DDNU (Aislabie and others, 1997). (Wedemeyer, 1967), reported first metabolic pathways for DDT by aerobacter aerogenes that shown at the bottom: DDT → DDD[8] →DDMU[9] →DDMS[10] → DDNU[11] → DDA[12] → DBP[13], or DDT → DDE. Researches were lack of information about DDT degradation. Later, (Planche and others, 1979) indicted DDE could be degraded to DDMU by a microcosm under anaerobic sediments.biodegradation pathway in sediment shown on figure 2. DDT and its metabolites in the sediment: DDT →DDD → DDMS and DDE → DDMU (Li and others, 2010; Quensen and others, 2001; Sudharshan and others, 2012) and the relative transformation rates of DDT, DDE, and DDD is DDT>DDD>DDE (Huang and others, 2001), so DDD was the major biodegradation product of DDT under anaerobic environments (Mwangi and others, 2010; Yu and others, 2011). DDT metabolic reports in human intestinal gut by (Yim and others, 2008), that Eubacterium limosum transformed DDT completely to DDD and used DDT as electron donors. 1-4- Biodegradation of heptachlor 1-4-1- Degradation of heptachlor under anaerobic condition Anaerobic degradation reductive dechlorination of HCB was first reported in 1987 (Fathepure and others, 1988). So far, the pathway that is known for the microbial degradation of HCB under anaerobic canditions by coupling reductive dehalogenation to electron transport (Beurskens and others, 1994; Chen and others, 2000; Hirano and others, 2007; TaÃ…Å ¸ and others, 2011). Chlorinated aromatics can serve as electron acceptors (Fathepure and others, 1988). Reductive dechlorination pathways is shown in figure 1 and HCB were dechlorinated via 1,2,3,5-and 1,2,4,5-tetrachIorobenzene (TeCB), 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-TCB , 1,2,4-TCB[3] and 1,3-DCB[4] . they are final dechlorination products (Beurskens and others, 1992; Boyd and others, 1987; Fathepure and others, 1988; Holliger and others, 1992). Heptachlor used as insecticide. Heptachlor is mostly persistent in environment (Sakai and others, 2008). Under anaerobic conditions, heptachlor is showed only limited conversion (Hill and McCarty, 1967). T he data available on this substance indicate that heptachlor is degraded for more than several years in soil (Lichtenstein and others, 1970; Mahugija, 2014; Miles and others, 1969). (Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973), this paper is a research about Clostridium sp. that isolated from flooded soil for degradation ÃŽ ³-BHC and heptachlor. 1-4-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of Anaerobic Dechlorination Biotransformation of heptachlor is not easy and simple but occur in both situations anaerobic and aerobic, mainly to the stable heptachlor epoxide (Lichtenstein and others, 1970). (Hayashi and others, 2013) , have reported that heptachlor was degraded a small amount to heptachlor epoxide in soil. Figure3 shown this degradation pathway. 1-5- Biodegradation of endrin and dieldrin 1-5-1-Degradation of endrin and dieldrin under anaerobic condition Of the year 1960s began studies on biodegradation of endrin and dieldrin that more researches were reported about the aerobic biodegradation (Matsumoto and others, 2009). Biodegradation of dieldrin and endrin was reviewed in 2007 and 1982 (Lal and Saxena, 1982; Matsumoto and others, 2009). (GOWDA and Sethunathan, 1977), studied that endrin proceeded under anaerobic conditions in three soils by radiotracer technique. Thay have reported anaerobic microbial strains could degrade various types of POPs such as ,heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin, endrin and HCB. These strains isolated from PCB-contaminated sediment. (Baczynski and others, 2004), reported that methanogenic granular sludge could dechlorination of cyclodiene pesticides such as dieldrin and endrin.(Baczynski and others, 2004), studied methanogenic granular sludge with purpose dechlorinate dieldrin and endrin. Biodegradation studies under anaerobic conditions are summarized in Table 2. 1-5-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of Anaerobic Dechlorination Deldrin has simple mechanism reported by (Maule and others, 1987) that is the deletion of the chlorine atom from chlorinated hydrocarbon. (Chiu and others, 2005), reported cleaving the epoxide ring by a mechanism of epoxide reduction by anaerobic enrichment culture obtained from river sediment. So, they are the Transformation of deldrin to aldrin then aldrin is converted to two syn- and anti-monodechlorodieldrin metabolites by epoxide reduction. Researches show only two monochlorinated metabolites of endrin under anaerobic transformation so it can say bacteria have a catalyzed role in reductive dehalogenation (Matsumoto and others, 2009). 1-6- Biodegradation of lindane and HCH-isomers 1-6-1-Degradation of lindane and HCH-isomers under anaerobic condition Lindane and the other HCH isomers have been used in agriculture as a pesticide. There are little knowledge about anaerobic HCH degradation. It has not been reporte on the anaerobic biodegradation of the ÃŽ µ –HCH (Lal and others, 2010). While the four HCH isomers can degrade under anaerobic conditions .Thus far, species within the genera Dehalobacter (Doesburg and others, 2005), Clostridium spp (Jagnow and others, 1977; MacRae and others, 1969), Bacillus circulans and Bacillus Brevis (Gupta and others, 2000) and two Desulfovibrio species (Boyle and others, 1999), Citrobacter (such as ,C. butyricum, C. pasteurianum and Citrobacter freundii) (Heritage and MacRae, 1977; Heritage and Rae, 1977), Desulfococcus (Elango and others, 2011) and Desulfobacter curvatus (Badea and others, 2009) have been found to metabolize the lindane and HCH-isomers. (Van Eekert and others, 1998), have studied, capable of degrading beta-HCH using a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors with methanogenic granular sludges. A number of studies have utilized for degradation isomer-HCH of anaerobic mixed bacterial culture such as (Kohnen and others, 1975) that mixed culture consisting of Bacilli. Mixed culture Clostridia and C. butyricum, C. pasteurianum and Citrobacter freundii. Thay are shown degradation rate in the following order ÃŽ ³-HCH > ÃŽ ±-HCH > ÃŽ ²-HCH = ÃŽ ´-HCH (Jagnow and others, 1977). (Pesce and Wunderlin, 2004) isolated bacteria from sediment and have used in aerobic mixed bacterial culture including Bosea thiooxidans and Sphingobacterium paucimobilis, degraded HCH after 3 days. 1-6-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of anaerobic Dechlorination the mechanism of biotransformation of HCH-isomer and lindane under anaerobic condition is explained with detection of intermediates substance of the presumed pathway. According to papers and reports, intermediates of HCH such as TeCCHs[16], PeCCHs[17] , PCCHa[18] (Buser and Mueller, 1995). (Tsukano and Kobayashi, 1972), abserved TeCCH flooded rice field soils treated with lindan but this intermediates was not found in soils treated with sodium azide or in soils without lindane treatment. suggested two degradation pathway for HCH isomers under anaerobic conditions, Based upon identify the intermediates material gama-, alfa-HCH → PCCHa (with a dechlorination) → 1,2-DCB[19] → 1,3-DCB→ finally CB for ÃŽ ²- and ÃŽ ´-HCH → TeCCH → 1,2,3-TCB → 1,2-DCB → 1,4-DCB → CB[20] The other Simpler pathway for the reductive dehalogenation of HCH is: HCH → TeCCH → dichlorocyclohexadiene ( DCCH) → finally benzene (Doesburg and others, 2005; Lal and others, 2010). Most papers of anaerobic degradation reported the accumulation of benzene and chlorobenzene (Buser and Mueller, 1995; Middeldorp and others, 1996; Zhu and others, 2005). that Figure3 shown this pathways. 1-7- Biodegradation of Methoxychlor 1-7-1-Degradation of Methoxychlor under anaerobic condition Methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl) ethane] is a hazardous substance and stable for this reason, is one of POPs. Methoxychlor have a half-life : Enterobacter amnigenus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis,Klebsiella terrigena, Mycobacterium obuense, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Achromobacter. Biodegradation studies of OCPs under anaerobic conditions are summarized in Table 2. Figure 3v: Proposed pathway for anaerobic biodegradation of HCH under a) alfa- HCH b) gama and beta- HCH (Doesburg and others, 2005; Lal and others, 2010) 1-7-2- Metabolites and Mechanism of anaerobic Dechlorination Microbial species and pathway dechlorination of methoxychlor in the environment are not well-known or there are few reports (Castro and Yoshida, 1971; Masuda and others, 2011b). Enterobacter aerogenes were capable of degrading methoxychlor to DMDD [21] under anaerobic conditions (Mendel and Walton, 1966). Eubacterium limosum is a bacteria from human intestine that has been able degrades of methoxychlor to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(pmethoxyphenyl) ethane (methoxydichlor) (Yim and others, 2008). Also, K. pneumoniae converts methoxychlor to [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, de-Cl-MXC] (Baarschers and others, 1982). [1] hexachlorobenzene (HCB) [2] Chlordane (CLD) [3] -trichlorobenzene (TCB) [4] 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) [5] 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) [6] 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) [7] 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethanol (DDOH) [8] 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) [9] 1-chloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDMU) [10] 1-chloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDMS) [11] 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDNU) [12] 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA) [13] 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP) [14] Removal and rate [15] Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) [16] tetrachlorocyclohexenes (TeCCHs) [17] pentachlorocyclohexenes (PeCCHs) [18] pentachlorocyclohexanes (PCCHa) [19] dichlorobenzene (DCB ) [20] Chlorobenzene [21] bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1–dichloroethane (DMDD)

Ealry Film :: essays papers

Ealry Film Being able to capture motion has occupied the human psyche sine primitive times. This is evident through the Lascaux cave paintings which depict buffalo with multiple legs in a attempt to represent the animal running. Other simple innovations also led to the motion picture, these ‘optical toys’ demonstrated the eye’s persistence of vision. These ‘toys’ grew more advanced, but lifelike motion could not be achieved until the photographic process was nearly perfected. In the 1870’s Eadweard Muybridge was successful in capturing the complete motion of a horse galloping. This was the first step in bringing pictures to life. The next invention came from a Rev. Hannibal Goodwin, who devised a thin, flexible, plastic base he called celluloid, on which could be put photosensitive material. George Eastman was the first to market this celluloid film, and in 1890 Thomas Edison and William Dicksom successfully tested the Kinescope. The first motion picture captured and copyrighted on this Kinescope was titled â€Å"The Sneeze†, which is simply a man sneezing. Edison continued to make short films in his studio, nicknamed the Black Maria. His shorts usually were comprised of people performing vaudeville acts as a form of sideshow attraction. These films would be viewed in Kinescope parlors, from large wooden boxes with a eyepiece on top. On the other side of the Atlantic, in France, the Lumieres brothers improve on Edisons Kinescope, and create the Cinematograph, a smaller more portable camera, that can film and view motion pictures. With this new Cinematograph, the Lumieres brothers were able to film and then project the product for an audience. They filmed what was around them, daily life for upper-middle class Europeans, their first was a whole group of people leaving a factory at the end of a work day. Simple, but for its time it was amazing, seeing live people walking around and moving just as they normally would, but on a big screen! These types of films became the Lumieres trademark, slice of life documentary work that would be shown in front of audiences. One of the Lumieres films: Arrival of a Train in the Cioat Station, was a train coming straight for the camera on an angle, that terrified the viewers. Edison continued to make films, under his own, controlled conditions. Although both Edison and the Lumieres, saw the motion picture as nothing more than a sideshow act and both filmed very documentary-esque work, each had their own criteria for filming.

Organizing Work Essay

McDonalds Corporation It has become clear to upper management that the way McDonald’s has been operating over the past decade is not helping in moving the company forward. Upper management feels that the company is falling behind, and changes must be made immediately. The changes need to start with how the organization is structured. Once proper changes in structure are made, it is believed that McDonald’s will then be able to implement plans that will lead McDonalds into a successful future. The purpose of this paper is to make recommendations as to what changes in organizational structure would help McDonalds become more sufficient. Along with changes in structure the paper will also determine what work needs to be done, how it is to be done, and the approach that should be used to bring success back into the organization. Recommendations There have recently been talks between upper management about making necessary structural changes to the McDonald’s organization here in the U.S. The first recommended change is eliminating levels of management. Numbers of the past have shown that the old traditional way of communication and barriers of so many levels of management had become a barrier to decision making (Jennings, Maze, 2014). The team agrees with this change and believes that the change should be implemented as soon as possible. The basis for this change is that it will help in bring the company closer to the customers. With so many layers of management it seems as if there is more time being spent arguing and talking to each other, rather than talking to the customer and making decisions. McDonald’s marketing has shown that they need to adapt to the current customer’s needs of what they want. McDonald’s  president has worked for McDonalds for the last ten years, and he has seen numbers drop drastically which means, it is time for change (Jennings, Maze, 2014). Essentially it is safe to say that McDonalds is losing its relationship with its customers. Another huge change that McDonalds has been thinking about is changing the number of divisions here in North America from three to four. It is believed that grouping the regions into four divisions, as well as eliminating some levels of management will allow for regional leaders to have more autonomy, and will allow leaders to set a menu based on the restaurants geographic location. According to the McDonald’s website, Jennings, Maze, (2014), â€Å"The changes are highlighted by the elimination of layers of management, giving leaders of its 22 U.S. regions more autonomy in setting the menus and making marketing decisions.† These changes will also allow McDonald’s leaders to restructure the menu to be more diverse to any one’s eating habit. They will be allowed to market more things on the menu than just burgers and fries. Change is good, and they are excited to embrace it. How to do Work Effectively Every organization has its’ own structure to follow. McDonald’s current structure is failing when it comes to the customers’ wants. This is why upper management has been talking about restructuring the design by dividing McDonald USA into four divisions. These divisions would include, Northeast, South, Central and West (Jargon, 2014). Each region would have a president in charge. Under each president there should be different types of managers who know the culture of each region. This will allow for the company to deliver the right product to the customers. They also need to remove some of the managerial levels because having too many managers’ results in decisions not being made. Eventually leading to a lack of growth in the business. McDonald needs to adapt according to the changes that are taking place in the world such as; the economy, competitors and technology. They need to have basic meals that fit all regions; in addition to that, they need to create new products to fit with the culture of each region. Sweet tea is a good example of a product that fits in with the culture in the south. Therefore it would be good for McDonalds restaurants in the south to  promote sweet tea. However, sweet tea is not very popular in the Northeast so it would be pointless to spend money promoting a product that no one is interested in. This is where the president of the region would need to find another product to promote. One that will fit the culture, and interest of the people in the Northeast. This means that management in each region needs to focus on research and development in order to make the right decision. In addition, technology is really important nowadays that is why McDonald needs to work with Apple to create an account in Apple Pay. Customers can pay quickly and order their food ahead of time. This will satisfy their customers because most of them do not have the time to wait to pick up their meal. It will take both an individual and team effort for McDonalds to complete the work. Upper level managers will need to work individually to make the right decisions. For instance, upper level manager should study the region and try to figure out how they can enhance the product or create a new product to fit the culture. Lower level employees need to work in teams so they can satisfy the customers. For example, the worker operating the grill cooks the meat and when it is done he or she passes it to another worker to make the sandwich according to the customers preference. Each team member is important because if they are not motivated to do their work the whole team will fail to deliver the product to the customer. It is very important that there is manager in each branch to motivate and coach the employees. Managers must be able to fill the role of an employee if the branch was crowded and direct them to do the right job. The manager should focus on increasing the sales by satisfying the customers. Best Approach McDonald’s Corporation needs to embrace that changes that are set to take place. Upper management will need to stick by their decisions, and have faith in their management. This means allowing the presidents in each of the four new divisions to take full control of operations within their regions. The division’s presidents must look to regional managers for input on necessary changes. It is up to them to find out what the customers want, and what the customers want is what they should get. Ideally McDonalds is looking to do two things when making these structural changes. The first is to keep the same basic product menu in every region, but allow for different  regions to add certain products that cater to the customers in that region. Second is to allow for decisions to be made more efficiently and effectively. Conclusion The planning for these changes has already begun and sometime in the immediate future the changes will be implemented. These are good changes and the team feels that they will eventually make a significant difference in the overall success of McDonalds Corporation. It is going to take time, but we feel these changes will lead us into the future on the right path. References Jennings, Maze,, L.J. (2014). McDonald’s Reorganizes US into Four Regional Divisions. Retrieved from http://nrn.com/mcdonalds/mcdonald-s-reorganizes-us-four-regional-divisions Jargon, Julie, (2014). McDonalds Plan to Change U.S. Structure. Rettrieved from http://online.wsj.com/articles/mcdonalds-to-change-u-s-structure-1414695278

Of Mice And Men Language Essay

The importance of this passage, which introduces the closing section of the novel, is that it refers to what has happened earlier in the story and what is about to happen. It represents symbolically the characters, events and ideas of the story so far and prefigures the final tragedy. The setting is the same as at the beginning of the novel, a clearing on the banks by ‘the deep green pool’ of the Salinas River. In the first paragraph Steinbeck conveys once more, now briefly, the beauty of the natural scene, the paradise from which mankind has been cast out. Now however the circumstances are very different and returning to the same setting suggests a circular movement of events, getting nowhere, but also as a downward spiral. Lennie is in trouble again and more seriously than ever before – he has killed Curley’s wife. The dream he and George shared is already dead. There is a disturbance to the scene, ‘a far rush of wind’ and a scattering of leaves, the only sounds breaking the silence. The river’s surface is briefly disturbed, but ‘as quickly as it had come, the wind died and the clearing was quiet again.’ By this Steinbeck reminds us of the smallness and insignificance of the events of the novel. They will quickly pass and be forgotten. ‘A water snake glided swiftly up the pool’, this represents Lennie, ‘twisting its periscope head from side to side.’ Lennie’s vision is limited by his dull wits and he doesn’t foresee the fate towards which he is blundering. A heron waiting in the shallows seizes the ‘little snake’ by the head and swallows it ‘while its tail waved frantically.’ Lennie’s size and strength are insignificant, uselessly matched against much larger forces, such as the society he lives in. This reflects another theme of the novel: the powerful dominate and prey upon the weak. This is the situation of the migrant labourers, who own nothing but their ability to work, in relation to the Boss who has wealth and land and who exploits his labourers. It is reflected too in the ‘pecking order’ on the ranch: ‘the weak ones’ – Lennie, Crooks and Candy are at the mercy of the strong. Crooks dominates Lennie and Curley’s wife dominates Crooks. Carlson, with Slim’s consent, dispatches Candy’s dog. Curly is ever present attempting to dominate everyone, except Slim, by physical violence and through his relation to his father. When Lennie appears ‘out of the brush’ the heron flies off and a second ‘little snake’, representing George, finds refuge from the heron in the reeds. This signifies that George is clever enough to stay out of trouble, including that brought on by Lennie. Lennie has come to the river bank because George told him to meet him there if he got into trouble. This was in the opening section of the novel, where Steinbeck compared Lennie to a bear: ‘he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws.’ This suggests clumsiness, but now it is the bear’s stealth that he refers to: Lennie comes ‘as silently as a creeping bear moves.’ He is directed now by his instinct, not just following George. The repeated bear simile reminds the reader again of the circular movement of the story; but Lennie’s soundless entry also makes us think of him as a spirit, anticipating his death. The passage reflects a number of ideas in the novel: the beauty of nature and the ugliness of human nature; the insignificance of human affairs; the futility of human effort and the fragility of dreams. The predatory nature of human existence, a major theme in the novel is represented symbolically in the action of the heron, reminding the reader of various episodes earlier in the story. The characters of George and Lennie are illustrated in the different fates of the two ‘little snakes’. Lennie’s death is prefigured in that of the first water snake, also in his spirit-like appearance on the scene. In this way Steinbeck sets the scene at the river bank in context. The reader sees the hopelessness of Lennie and George’s situation, their powerlessness in the circumstances they find themselves in and foresees the tragic end.